Max Ernst

The self-taught painter Max Ernst was constantly searching for new forms of expression. From the collages of the war years he moved in 1925 to frottage (a rubbing technique), then in 1927 to grattage (a developed version of frottage based on scraping paint), and finally in 1937 to the decalcomania (paint-transfer) method. A landscape made with the latter technique, Europe after the Rain II (1940–42), presents the destruction of the Second World War. In 1941 Ernst went to New York, where he was briefly married to the gallery owner Peggy Guggenheim. In 1946 he married the American painter Dorothea Tanning (pictured with Ernst) — their wedding ceremony was held jointly with Man Ray and Juliette Browner. He later settled in France.

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